Islamic Histories

  R ome and Persia At the time of the Prophet Muhammad's advent, the world was dominated by two mighty empires: the Roman (Byzantine) and the Persian (Sasanian). These civilizations held sway over vast territories, with the Persian Empire extending from the Mediterranean Sea to the Caspian Sea, and the Roman Empire encompassing territories from Europe to Asia Minor and Egypt. The Persian Empire, once expansive under the Sassanid dynasty, had endured the rise and fall of various rulers but maintained its cultural and civilizational strength. Similarly, the Roman Empire, with its capital in Rome, was ruled by leaders like Julius Caesar and Augustus , controlling vast territories across Europe, Asia Minor, and Egypt. While Rome remained the capital of the western part of the empire, Constantinople served as the capital of the eastern part. The Eastern Roman Empire, centred around Constantinople, boasted greater grandeur and power than its western counterpart. Despite their strength, ...

Uprooting the Apostates After dispatching emissaries with circulars, Abu Bakr organised eleven detachments, each under a chosen leader, to address various threats.  Khalid bin Walid received the first standard, tasked with confronting Tulaihah bin Khuwailid Asadi and then targeting Malik bin Nuwairah at Butah.  Ikrimah bin Abu Jahl received the second standard to confront Musailamah the liar at Yamamah.  Shurahbil bin Hasanah was entrusted with the third standard to support Ikrimah and then proceed to Hadramout to engage Banu Kindah and Banu Quda'ah.  Khalid bin Saeed bin Al-As received the fourth standard to quell uprisings in Syria.  Amr bin Al-As was given the fifth standard for Banu Quda'ah.  Hudhaifah bin Mihsan and Arfajah bin Harthamah were dispatched to Oman  Mahrah respectively with seventh standards.  Tarqah bin Hajib received the eighth standard for Banu Sulaim and Banu Hawazin.  Suwaid bin Muqarrin was ordered to Yemen with the ni...

Background and Genealogy Abu Bakr Siddiq's family lineage traces back to  Abdullah bin Abu Quhafah  bin Amir bin Amr bin Ka'b bin Sa'd bin Tamim bin Murrah bin Ka'b bin Luai bin Ghalib bin Fihr bin Malik bin Nadr bin Kinanah. His mother,  Salma bint Sakhr  bin Ka'b bin Sa'd, was the cousin of Abu Quhafah and known as Umm-ul-Khair. His father, Abu Quhafah, was named Uthman.  In the Days of Ignorance, Abu Bakr was called  Abd Ka'bah , but the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ named him Abdullah. Some also called him Atiq due to his handsomeness or spotless genealogy. However, his surname, Siddiq, signifies his unwavering support for the Prophet's prophethood.  He was younger than the Prophet Muhammad by two years and two months, he was born in the year 573 and raised in Makkah, where he engaged in trade caravans. He migrated to Al-Madinah with the Prophet and passed away in the same city. Age of Ignorance During the Age of Ignorance, the Quraish, a prominent tribe in M...